Publisher and Google Preview: Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete The Book is also available for online purchase on : Amazon.com and Flipkart (enter book title in the search to see details) Review: Write a review on this book
Motivation: This
book has been written with a view to contribute towards the sustainable growth
of cement and construction industry as well as to build strong and durable
structures, encouraging the application of mineral admixtures, primarily
industrial and agricultural wastes, in cement and concrete, appraising the
engineers in construction practice about the benefits of these materials in
terms of strength and durability.
Unique: Presents the materials, hydration, strength
and durability aspects of mineral admixtures, at one place and as relevant for
the engineers in construction practice, for better appreciation and application
of these materials in cement and concrete Slide Show: View slide show highlighting the contents of the book.
Contents: The book is written keeping in
view the requirement of the engineers in construction practice, primarily the
strength and durability of structures and also of those engaged in
manufacturing cement and concrete. It should also serve as a reference book for
the engineering courses on the subject, both at undergraduate and postgraduate
levels. As the book is written for engineers in construction practice, the
physical, mineralogical and chemical characteristics as well as the references
to complex issues on microstructure or chemistry have been presented to an
extent that help give better understanding of the application of mineral
admixtures.
The
mineral admixtures covered, chapter-wise, under the scope of this book are
pulverised fuel ash (PFA), blast furnace slag (BFS), silica fume (SF), rice
husk ash (RHA), metakaolin (MK) and some new ones currently under
investigation. The Chapters mainly cover the aspects related to the
manufacturing and processing, physical characteristics, chemical and
mineralogical composition, quality control of the mineral admixture and the
reported experiences as well as the provisions of national Standards on its
addition to cement and concrete. The Chapter on Hydration, besides presenting
the practically relevant aspects of chemistry, covers the impact of the
addition of mineral admixtures. The Chapter on Strength and Durability presents
mechanisms, models, standards and mitigation of concrete deterioration due to
carbonation, alkali-aggregate reactions, chloride attack and corrosion of
reinforcement, external as well as internal sulphate attack, decalcification
and freeze-thaw action. The understanding of the materials aspects of the
mineral admixtures and their impact on the hydration, strength and durability
of concrete will make a positive contribution, encouraging greater and more
fruitful utilisation of these and even other wastes in cement and concrete and
lead to the sustainable growth of both cement and construction industry on the
one hand and the waste producing industries as well, on the other.
Special Featutes:
- Presents the materials, hydration, strength and
durability aspects of cement and concrete with mineral admixtures, at one place
and as relevant for the engineers in construction practice
- Includes relevant manufacturing and processing aspects
related to the mineral admixtures.
- Takes
a review of the available experience, quality control and the provisions of national
Standards on the addition of mineral admixtures in cement and concrete.
- Deals
with the toxicity and occupational health aspects, where relevant.
- The
Chapter on Hydration, besides presenting the practically relevant aspects of
chemistry, such as hydration periods, variation in fresh concrete properties,
heat generation, covers the impact of the addition of mineral admixtures.
- The
Chapter on Strength and Durability, summarises current prescriptive and
performance-based approaches to structural design and presents mechanisms,
models, standards and mitigation of concrete deterioration by different modes.
- Introduces new and promising mineral admixtures,
currently under development
Chapter-Wise Contents:- Chapter 1. Pulverized Fuel Ash. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Classification. 1.3 Physical
Characteristics: 1.3.1 Particle Shape, 1.3.2 Particle Specific Gravity, 1.3.3
Particle Size and Fineness, 1.3.4 Color, 1.3.5 Unburned Carbon. 1.4 Chemical
and Mineralogical Composition. 1.5 Characteristics of PFA Produced in Fluidized
Bed Combustion Process. 1.6 Characteristics of PFA Produced after Co-Combustion
of Bituminous Coal and Petcoke. 1.7 Leaching Characteristics. 1.8
Radioactivity, Toxicity, and Occupational Health. 1.9 Processing for Quality Improvement
and Assurance: 1.9.1 Collection, 1.9.2 Physical Treatment, 1.9.3 Ultrafine PFA,
1.9.4 Chemical Activation. 1.10 Processing of Unusable PFA: 1.10.1 Principal
Barriers in PFA Utilization, 1.10.2 Processing of PFA with High Unburned
Carbon, 1.10.2.1 Physical Separation, 1.10.2.2 Combustion. 1.11 Quality
Control. 1.12 Addition of PFA to Cement and Concrete. 1.13 Summary
- Chapter 2. Blast Furnace
Slag. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Granulation of BFS: 2.2.1 Granulation Process, 2.2.2
Physical Characteristics of Granulated BFS. 2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
Slag: 2.3.1 Moisture Reduction and Grinding, 2.3.2 Particle Size and Size
Distribution. 2.4 Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of Cementitious BFS. 2.5
Quality Control. 2.6 Addition of BFS and GGBS to Cement and Concrete. 2.7
Quantitative Determination of Blast Furnace Slag in Cement. 2.8 Summary
- Chapter 3. Silica Fume. 3.1
Introduction. 3.2 Types of Silica Fume. 3.3 Physical Characteristics: 3.3.1
Particle Size and Size Distribution, 3.3.2 Specific Gravity and Bulk Density, 3.3.3
Specific Surface. 3.4 Chemical and Mineralogical Composition. 3.5 Toxicity and
Occupational Health. 3.6 Quality Control. 3.7 Addition of SF to Cement and
Concrete. 3.8 Summary.
- Chapter 4. Rice Husk Ash. 4.1
Introduction. 4.2 Relevance of RHA for the Sustainability of Construction Industry.
4.3 Rice Husk. 4.4 Production: 4.4.1 Characteristics of RH Combustion, 4.4.2
Modern Methods to Produce Pozzolanic RHA, 4.4.2.1 Fluidized Bed Process for
Large-Scale Production of Rice Husk Ash, 4.4.2.2 Annular Oven Process for
Small-Scale Production of Rice Husk Ash, 4.5 Physical and Chemical
Characteristics. 4.6 Addition of RHA to Cement and Concrete. 4.7 Summary.
- Chapter 5. Metakaolin. 5.1
Introduction. 5.2 Production: 5.2.1 Thermal Activation of Kaolin, 5.2.2
Mechanical Activation of Kaolin, 5.2.3 Calcination of Waste Paper Sludge. 5.3
Physical and Chemical Characteristics. 5.4 Quality Control. 5.5 Addition of
Metakaolin to Cement and Concrete. 5.6 Summary.
- Chapter
6. Hydration. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Progress of Hydration with Time (Hydration
Periods): 6.2.1 Workability Period, 6.2.2 Setting Period or Stage III: Active
Reaction Period, 6.2.3 Hardening Period. 6.3 Reactants in Hydration Process: 6.3.1
Reactive Compounds in Cement Clinker: 6.3.1.1 Tricalciumsilicate, 6.3.1.2
Dicalciumsilicate, 6.3.1.3 Tricalciumaluminate, 6.3.1.4
Tetracalciumaluminoferrite, 6.3.2 Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum), 6.3.3 Reactive
Compounds in Mineral Admixtures, 6.3.4 Calcium Hydroxide. 6.4 Voids in Hydrated
Cement Paste. 6.5 Interrelation of the Hydration Properties of Cement and
Concrete. 6.6 Properties of Concrete during Early Stages of Hydration: 6.6.1
Workability, 6.6.2 Yield Stress and Viscosity, 6.6.3 Bleeding and Laitance, 6.6.4
Setting Time, 6.6.5 Concrete Temperature, 6.6.6 Volume Changes. 6.7 Hydration
Reactions and Changes in Early-Age Concrete Properties: 6.7.1 Hydration
Reactions of Cementitious Materials other than Portland Cement, 6.7.2 Hydration
Reactions of Portland Cement: 6.7.2.1 C-S-H: The Principal Reaction Product and
the Strength-Giving Phase, 6.7.2.2 Major Reactions Occurring in the Workability
Period, 6.7.2.3 Major Reactions Occurring in the Setting Period, 6.7.2.4 Major
Reactions Occurring in the Hardening Period, 6.7.2.5 Hydration of Alite (C3S)
and Belite (C2S) Compared, 6.7.3 Hydration Reactions of Cement with Mineral Admixtures:
6.7.3.1 Hydration of Cement with Pulverized Fuel Ash, 6.7.3.2 Hydration of
Cement with Blast Furnace Slag, 6.7.3.3 Hydration of Cement with Silica Fume, 6.7.3.4
Hydration of Cement with Rice Husk Ash, 6.7.3.5 Hydration of Cement with
Metakaolin. 6.8 Summary.
- Chapter 7. Strength and
Durability. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Designing Structures for Strength and
Durability: 7.2.1 Prescriptive Approach, 7.2.2 Performance-Based Approach. 7.3
Concrete Strength: 7.3.1 Interfacial Transition Zone, 7.3.2 High-Performance
Concrete, 7.3.3 Importance of Concrete Curing. 7.4 Mechanisms, Models,
Standards, and Mitigation of Concrete Deterioration: 7.4.1 Carbonation: 7.4.1.1
Mechanism of Carbonation, 7.4.1.2 Mathematical Models for Carbonation, 7.4.1.3
National Standards and Guidelines on Carbonation, 7.4.1.4 Mitigation of
Carbonation. 7.4.2 Alkali–Aggregate Reactions: 7.4.2.1 Mechanisms of AAR, 7.4.2.2
Mathematical Models for AAR, 7.4.2.3 National Standards and Guidelines on AAR, 7.4.2.4
Mitigation and Management of AAR. 7.4.3 Chloride Attack and Corrosion of
Reinforcement: 7.4.3.1 Mechanism of Chloride Corrosion, 7.4.3.2 Mathematical
Models for Chloride Attack, 7.4.3.3 National Standards and Guidelines on
Chloride Corrosion, 7.4.3.4 Mitigation of Chloride Corrosion. 7.4.4 External
Sulfate Attack: 7.4.4.1 Mechanisms of External Sulfate Attack, 7.4.4.2
Mathematical Models for External Sulfate Attack, 7.4.4.3 National Standards and
Guidelines on External Sulfate Attack, 7.4.4.4 Mitigation of External Sulfate
Attack. 7.4.5 Internal Sulfate Attack or Delayed Ettringite Formation. 7.4.6
Decalcification or Leaching. 7.4.7 Frost or Freeze–Thaw Action. 7.5 Performance
Based Design of Structures Using Durability Indices. 7.6 Sustainable Cement and
Concrete. 7.7 Summary.
- Chapter 8. New Mineral
Admixtures. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Biomass Combustion Ash: 8.2.1 Corn Cob Ash, 8.2.2
Palm Oil Residue Ash, 8.2.3 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, 8.2.4 Wheat Straw Ash, 8.2.5
Wood Waste Ash. 8.3 Calcined Wastepaper Sludge. 8.4 Electric-Arc Furnace Dust. 8.5
Sewage Sludge Ash. 8.6 Municipal Solid Waste Ash. 8.7 Summary.
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